ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To determine the dental health of children with Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD) and to evaluate the parents' knowledge of the importance of oral health and the risk of Bacterial Endocarditis. Material and Methods: This research included 140 children divided into the study group (80 children with CHD) and the control group (60 healthy children). The children were from different parts of Kosova, aged between 3-15. The parents were asked to complete a questionnaire containing demographic data (age and gender), general and special medical history (CHD types), knowledge about oral health importance and risk of bacterial endocarditis, and data about the daily oral hygiene child. The caries experience was reported using the DMFT/dmft index. Results: The average value of the dmft index was 6.7 for the study group and 5.62 for the control group, while the average value of DMFT index for the study group was 4.1, and for the control group was 3.47 (p>0.05). About 68.7% of parents of children with CHD were informed about their risk during dental interventions. However, knowledge was insufficient about the importance of oral health and dental prophylactic measures once only 32.7% of them were aware of those measures. Conclusion: No difference was observed between healthy and CHD children in caries experience and frequency of daily tooth brushing. Our findings provide evidence of a lack of knowledge about the importance of oral health and dental prophylactic measures among parents with CHD children (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Oral Hygiene/education , Oral Health , Endocarditis, Bacterial/pathology , Heart Defects, Congenital , Toothbrushing , Surveys and Questionnaires , Statistics, Nonparametric , Kosovo/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Background: Human growth and development is a complex process of bio-psycho-social changes in children and adolescents. The evaluation of these two processes is of high importance in clinical and anthropological contexts. The present study aimed to find out and to evaluate the velocity of the biological growth and development during different ages of Kosovo children and adolescents of both genders.Materials and methods: Body Height, Body Weight, and Ideal Body Weight were measured in 68762 children and adolescents from Kosovo (66264 boys, 2498 girls). Age groups were classified into 13 categories, ages 6.0-18.9 years old. There have been analyzed the systematic differences between males and females in the annual changing of Body Height, Body Weight, and Ideal Body Weight.Results: Based on the results of the present study growth and development in boys can be divided into three stages that are distinct from one another, compared with the girls' growth and development that can be divided into four stages. Boys have reached the Peak Height Velocity (PHV=7.8cm), respectively the Peak Weight Velocity (PWV=6.6kg) at the age-group of 14 years old, while girls have reached the Peak Height Velocity (PHV=8.4cm) and the Peak Weight Velocity (PWV=12.6kg) at the age-group of 11 years old.Conclusion: The puberty stage occurs approximately three years earlier in girls (11yrs) compared with the boys (14yrs). Although the boys experience a later achievement of PHV, their growth, and development, with reduced intensity, it continues even after the age of 18th. The girls' body growth and development commence earlier in age, and it reaches the maximal values earlier. This fact suggests that males will grow more during the late stage of the adolescence compared with females; therefore, in general males' morphometric features tend to be larger.
Antecedentes: el crecimiento y desarrollo humano es un proceso complejo de cambios biopsicosociales en niños y adolescentes. La evaluación de estos dos procesos es de gran importancia en contextos clínicos y antropológicos. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo descubrir y evaluar la velocidad del crecimiento y desarrollo biológicos durante diferentes edades de niños y adolescentes de ambos sexos de Kosovo.Materiales y métodos: se midió la altura y el peso corporal y se estimó el peso corporal ideal en 68762 niños y adolescentes de Kosovo (66264 niños, 2498 niñas). Los grupos de edad se clasificaron en 13 categorías, con edades entre 6.0-18.9 años. Se analizaron las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en el cambio anual de altura y peso corporal y peso corporal ideal.Resultados: Según los resultados del presente estudio, el crecimiento y el desarrollo en los niños se pueden dividir en tres etapas que son distintas entre sí, en comparación con el crecimiento y el desarrollo de las niñas que se pueden dividir en cuatro etapas. Los niños han alcanzado la Velocidad de Altura Máxima (PHV = 7.8cm), respectivamente, la Velocidad de Peso Máximo (PWV = 6.6kg) en el grupo de edad de 14 años, mientras que las niñas han alcanzado la Velocidad de Altura Máxima (PHV = 8.4cm) y la velocidad máxima de peso (PWV = 12.6 kg) en el grupo de edad de 11 años.Conclusión: la etapa de la pubertad ocurrió aproximadamente tres años antes en las niñas (11 años) en comparación con los niños (14 años). Aunque los niños experimentan un incremento posterior de PHV, su crecimiento y desarrollo, con intensidad reducida, continúa incluso después de los 18 años. El crecimiento y el desarrollo corporal de las niñas comienzan más temprano en la edad y alcanzan los valores máximos antes. Este hecho sugiere que los hombres crecerán más durante la etapa tardía de la adolescencia en comparación con las mujeres; por lo tanto, en general, las características morfométricas de los hombres tienden a ser más grandes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Child Development , Anthropometry , Puberty , Growth , Body Weight , Body Weights and Measures , Kosovo/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the oral health status of 12-year-old schoolchildren in Kosovo. Material and Methods: The study involved 1204 schoolchildren aged 12 years from urban and rural areas, from different cities of Kosovo. The questionnaire included demographic data, gender, residence, dental status, oral hygiene, and daily brushing habits. The feasibility of the questionnaire was verified replicating it on 10% of the sample. Daily brushing habits were reported to frequency: as once per day, twice a day and rarely. Caries status was recorded in permanent dentition as DMFT and Oral Hygiene Index - Simplified (OHI-S) was used to assess oral hygiene status. The analysis included occurrences and means. The differences among means were tested using the student t-test (p<0.05). Results: The highest mean and standard deviation of DMFT and OHI-S index was found among rural schoolboys 3.67 ± 1.98 and OHI-S 1.75. In total sample, 54.1% of them brush their teeth only once a day, 39.7 % brush their teeth twice a day and only 6.2 % rarely brush their teeth. Conclusion: Preventive measures are needed to improve dental health in 12 years old schoolchildren.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Oral Hygiene , Oral Hygiene Index , Oral Health/education , Preventive Dentistry , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Kosovo/epidemiology , Students , Rural Areas , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Data Interpretation, StatisticalABSTRACT
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Toxoplasma gondii and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are pathogens associated with congenital anomalies. METHODS: Serum was collected from 79 reproductive-age women and tested for IgM and IgG antibodies to T. gondii and CMV. RESULTS: Seropositivity for T. gondii was detected in 24.1% of women and CMV in 96.2%. High seropositivity for CMV was found for all ages. The highest seropositivity for T. gondii was observed among older participants. CONCLUSIONS: T. gondii remains an important pathogen owing to low seropositivity.